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Colonoscopy
EGD
ERCP
Esophageal Dilatation
Esophageal Manometry
Esophageal pH
Liver Biopsy
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy
| | Liver Biopsy
 The
liver is the largest organ in the body. It is found high in the right upper
abdomen, behind the ribs. The liver is remarkable, quietly making many proteins,
eliminating waste products, and participating in the general metabolism and
nutrition of the body. It even has the power to regenerate itself. However,
there are many different problems that can occur in the liver and some can cause
permanent damage. These conditions include virus infections, reactions to drugs
or alcohol, tumors, hereditary conditions, and problems with the body's immune
system.
Evaluating a Liver Condition
The physician will always take a medical history and perform a physical exam.
Blood studies, known as liver function tests (LFT), give an overview of the
health of the liver. If LFT results are persistently abnormal, the physician
will then perform additional medical studies to determine the exact cause of the
problem.
Finding the cause is important because there are now effective treatments for
many liver disorders. Finally, the physician will want to know not only the
specific cause of the problem, but also how severe the condition may be. The
liver biopsy helps answer these questions.
 What
is a Biopsy?
A biopsy is a tiny sample of body tissue -- in this case, liver tissue. The
tissue is prepared and stained in a laboratory, so the physician can view it
under a microscope. This usually helps the physician make a specific diagnosis
and determine the extent and seriousness of the condition. It is vital
information for determining treatment.
The Procedure
The liver biopsy is usually performed on an outpatient basis. A mild sedative
may be given to the patient prior to the procedure. Sometimes, an ultrasound or
echo machine is used to identify the best location to make the biopsy. Usually,
the physician can make this determination simply by examination. The patient
lies quietly on the back or slightly to the left side. That area of the skin
where the biopsy will be done is carefully cleaned. Then, a local anesthetic
agent is used to numb the skin and tissue below. A specially designed thin
needle is inserted through the skin. At this point, the physician will tell the
patient how to breathe. The needle is advanced into and out of the liver. This
takes only 1 or 2 seconds. A slender core of tissue is removed with the needle,
and is then processed through the laboratory. The entire procedure from start to
finish lasts only 15 to 20 minutes. 
Recovery
The patient is kept at rest for several hours following the exam. Medical
personnel check the heart rate and blood pressure during this time. There may be
some discomfort in the chest or shoulder, however, this is usually temporary.
Medication is available for this discomfort, if needed. Before being discharged,
the patient is given instructions about returning to normal activities and about
eating. Activity is usually restricted for a day or so after the biopsy.
However, the procedure does not require a long recovery period.
Complications
In most instances, a liver biopsy is obtained quickly with no problems. As
noted, there is occasionally some fleeting discomfort in the right side or
shoulder. Internal bleeding can sometimes occur, as can a leak of bile from the
liver or gallbladder. These problems are rare and can usually be handled without
the need for surgery.
Summary
A liver biopsy is a simple, rapid method of obtaining a sample of liver for
analysis. It provides important information for evaluating and treating liver
disorders. While some complications can occur, they are unusual. The benefits of
the exam always outweigh the risk. Early, specific, and effective therapy can
often prevent irreversible liver damage.
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